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Two groups were persecuted over the course of four hundred years in what is now the southwestern United States, each dissimulating and disguising who they truly were. Both now declare their true identities, yet raise hostility. The Penitentes are a lay Catholic brotherhood that practices bloody rites of self-flagellation and crucifixion, but claim this is a misrepresentation and that they are a community and a charitable organization. Marranos, an ambiguous and complicated population of Sephardic descendants, claim to be anousim. Both peoples have a complex, shared history. This book disentangles the web, redefines the terms, and creates new contexts in which these groups are viewed with respect and sympathy without idealizing or slandering them. Simms uses rabbinics, literary analyses, psychohistory, and cultural anthropology to consolidate a history of mentalities.

Marranos --- Jews --- Conversos --- Maranos --- New Christians (Marranos) --- Crypto-Jews --- Jewish Christians --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- History. --- Religious life --- Social life and customs. --- Hermanos Penitentes --- Penitent Brothers --- Penitentes --- Hermanos de la Luz --- Holy Brotherhood of Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno --- Fraternidad Piadosa de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno --- Cofradía de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno --- Hermanos de Nuestro Padre Jesús --- Religion. --- Southwest, New --- Sunbelt States --- Religious life and customs. --- Conversos (Marranos) --- Anusim --- Converts

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From the very moment Alfred Dreyfus was placed under arrest for treason and espionage, his entire world was turned upside down, and for the next five years he lived in what he called a phantasmagoria. To keep himself sane, Dreyfus wrote letters to and received letters from his wife Lucie and exercised his intellect through reading the few books and magazines his censors allowed him, writing essays on these and other texts he had read in the past, and working out problems in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He practiced his English and created strange drawings his prison wardens called architectural or kabbalistic signs. In this volume, Norman Simms explores how Dreyfus kept himself from exploding into madness by reading his essays carefully, placing them in the context of his century, and extrapolating from them the hidden recesses of the Jewish Alsatian background he shared with the Dreyfus family and Lucie Hadamard.

Prisoners --- Antisemitism --- Convicts --- Correctional institutions --- Imprisoned persons --- Incarcerated persons --- Prison inmates --- Inmates of institutions --- Persons --- History --- Inmates --- Dreyfus, Alfred, --- Draifus, Alfred, --- Drayfūs, Alfrīd, --- Drīfūs, Alfrīd, --- Dreĭfus, Alifred, --- Dreĭfus, Alʹfred, --- Dreyfus, Alfredo, --- דרייפוס, אלפרד --- דרייפוס, אלפרד, --- דרייפוס, אלפרעד, --- דרײפוס, אלפרד, --- France --- Politics and government --- Dreyfus, Alfred